Air brush



patented lit/tay 225,

TES

AUGUSTINE SI-LEIditITltNEl OF SOUTH PASADENA, CALIFORNIA.

AIR BRUSH.

Application filed February My present invention relates to an air brush, it being a primary object of my invention to provide inea-ns for a free rotation ot parts, in order to eiect a suitable distribution oi the paint or other liquid distributed thereby.

It is also one of the primary objects of my invention to provide suitable means for imparting heat to the liquid sprayed by an air brush, in order to maintain the same at a suitable temperature, regardless ot eX- ternal conditions, and even though the nature of the liquid to be sprayed may require a considerable elevation of temperature.

It is a further object ot my invention to provide novel means whereby the opening of an air duct may incidentally and sequentially open a duct for the delivery of the liquid to be sprayed; and for this latter purpose I may employ either mechanical or pneumatic means.

It is a further object of my invention to provide an air brush comprising interchangeable parts, in order that suitable substitutions may be made in accordance with the requirements of the work in hand.

Further objects of my invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with the appended claims, it being understood that various features of my invention may be independently used and that various modifications may be made without departure from the spirit and scope ot' my invention, as the same is indicated by the said description and claims.

It is believed that the general character of my invention will be readily understood y from the following description of preferred forms and alternative embodiments thereof, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in section, showing a simple form of my air brush, this form comprising a compression Spring for closing the liquid exit and disconnectible, positive means for opening the same.

Figs. 2 and 3 are detail views at right angles to one another showing on a slightly enlarged scale the preferred type of spreader attachment, which may be employed in connection with any of my air brushes when a iish-tail or similar eifect is desired, the mentioned attachment being adjustable to any desired relative angle.'

Fig. 4 is an elevation ot a device broadly similar to that shown in Fig. 1, but optiona, 192s. serial No. 617,704.

ally comprising heating means and employing air pressure to open the liquid exit, and providing for a free rotation of the delivery head.

Fig. 5 is a similar view of a. preferred alternative form involving means for both generating and transmitting heat, and also comprising a rotatable head.

Figs. 6 and 7 are detail views hereinafter referred to, these being taken respectively on the line 6--6 and the line 7-7 of Flig. 5.

Referring in detail to the form of my invention shown in Fig. 1, 1 is a main barrel provided with a main air duct 2 and containing a tapered seat 3 adapted to receive a correspondingly tapered suction tube 4 which may be integral with the delivery head 5. By means of the tapered connec tion referred to, this delivery head may be adapted to rotate relatively to the main barrell, and its forward portion may comprise an inner nozzle 6 provided with a passage 7, which may be closed by a needle valve 8, this valve controlling the movement of liquid that may be drawn up through the suction tube 4. To cause the mentioned movement of liquid through the inner nozzle 6, I provide means, such as the annular channel 9 connecting with the subsidiary air inlet ducts 10 leading into an annular space 11 within the nozzle cap 12, in order that the escape oi air through the main air exit 13 may have an aspirating eiect upon the liquid within a receptacle into which the suction tube 4 may extend. Ducts 10 are parallel with duct 4a.

In order to provide for imparting suitable movement to the needle valve 8, I prefer to provide a chambered extension C at the rear of the delivery head 5, this eX- tension being shown as containing a closing spring 14, adapted to engage at one end a lug 15 upon thementioned valve, and adapted to engage at the other end a tapped plug 16, having threaded engagement with the walls of the extension chamber. Suitable packing 17 may be held in place by a gland 18, and suitable means may be provided for a retraction of the valve 8. In order that the valve 8 shall be retracted whenever air is permitted to enter the main air duct 2, this being effected by means ot a trigger 19, I may provide, on the outside of the mentioned extension, a retracting sleeve 20, provided with a lug 21 to which I may secure by means such as the pin 22, a retracting link 28, which may engage the transverse pin 24 on the mentioned trigger. By the means referred to, it Will be seen that l have provided, upon the main barrel of my air brush, a delivery head capable of rotation relatively to this main barrel and provided With disconne'ctible means, in the form of a retracting link, whereby the needle valve controlling the exit of liquid may be opened Whenever air is admitted into said main barrel, to atomize a liquid drawn through said delivery head.

In the preferred form of my invention, as shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3, l employ a spreader attachment S upon the nozzle cap l2 and provide the latter with a lateral port or opening 25, which l may refer to as a spreader inlet, this opening being preferably connected by a short duct 2G With a plurality of annular grooves 27, which may be-cut in the exterior of the mentioned nozzle cap, one of these grooves being opposite the spreader inlet, and the other being opposite a plurality of spreader ducts 28 leading to the spreader exits 29 (see Fig. 2), the construction being such that the jets of air provided by these spreader exits made to produce a fish-tail" effect upon the atomized liquid escaping through the central aperture 13 of the nozzle cap. l prefer to provide in the spreader attachment S a suitable means for the control of air escaping therethrough, and such means may comprise the valve 30, as shown in Fig. 3. In order to permit a free rotation of the mentioned spreader attachment relatively to the delivery head 5, .l prefer tc employ means such as the retaining collar 8l, Which may have, at one end, a threaded engagement with the spreader attachment, and at the other end, may engage an arinular channel 82 eut in the nozzle cap, or

the angular body 5.

The form of my invention shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3 comprises a handlel 38, which may be held in place by means of' a bolt 34 and a nut 85, as Well as certain features of construction which are common to the forms shown in subsequent figures, as for example Fig. 4, in Which it Will be seen that l have provided a valve chamber 36 extending parallel with the main air duct 2 and connected therewith by a transverse duct 3T, plugged at 38, the valve 39 being provided With a rod 40 Which may be unseated by the camming action of the mentioned transverse pin 24, on the trigger 19. Vlt Will be understood that the unseating of the valve 39, against the compressive action of the spring 4l, vvill permit the entrance of air through the air inlet 42, and the maximum movement of fluids may be further controlled by the choke valve 42 and by nut N.

Referring now to the specific form of my invention shown in F ig. 47 it Will be noticed that although the link 23 may optionally be rendered inoperative, as by disconnecting it from the pin 24, no disconnecting of this link is necessary, in this form of my invention, to permit a free rotation of the delivery head .52 ln order to obviate the necessity of such disconnection, I may provide pneumatic means for the control of the needle valve 8 from the trigger 19. It being understood that air may be admitted `through the main air duct 2 and the sub-sidiary air ducts l0, as in the form of my invention already described, l provide an additional air duct 44 leading from Within the nozzle cap to an annular chamber 45 from which the ducts 4G lead to a chamber 47 on one side of the retracting piston 48 comprising, for enample, the leather cup 49 secured by the disc 50 and moving within the chamber 5l, which may be provided with an adjusting screiv to limit the outward movement of said piston. `The needle valve 8 may be seated by any ysuitable means such as the compression spring 53 bearing upon the abutment nut 54, and the escape of air along the sides of the valve stem may be obviated by the use of packing as shown at and 56, this packing being held in place by a central cage 57 (which may be provided with lateral ports 58 opposite to openings 59) and by means of the gland (30.

ln order to permit the escape of air from the chamber 47 at the moment when the valve 8a is to be seated by the action of the spring 53, l may provide an exhaust duct 6l, connecting` by the annular groove G2 with the valve chamber G53, Within which is the ball valve 64 seated by the spring 65, which may be held by the perforated nut G6, the ball valve 64 being nnseated by vthe movement. of the mentioned link 23, releasably connected vvith 'the pin 24 upon the trigger 19. From the construction described, it will be obvious that when the trigger is pulled, to permit the entrance of air through the main duct 2, the ball valve (54 being seated, the pressure of air vvill retract the piston 48 and thereby the needle valve 8, and that, when the trigger is released, the ball valve will be unseateu, thereby permitting an escape of air from the chamber 47, and the seating of the valve 8fL under the action of the spring 58.

Figs. 4 and both involve the incorporation of heating means with other features of my invention. ln Fig. 4 I have diagram maticallyindicated, in connection with the aii inlet 42, a heating means G7 Within a heating chamber G8, this heating means being suticient, in some cases, to maintain the entire air brush, and the liquid delivered thereby, at a suitable temperature.

ln t-he form ofv my invention shown in Fig. 5, I employ means in the form of a spring G9 for withdrawing the needle valve 8b, to permit the delivery of paint or other liquid, this spring being seated Within a chambered extension C about which I provide the threaded cap 70, having the head 7l, by the rotation of which the needle valve 8b may be seated. In this form of my invention I employ very simple means for securing the delivery head 5b Within the tapered aperture of the barrel 1b in such manner as to permit its free rotation. Upon the upper portion of the connecting plug 7 2b I prefer to provide a collar 7 3 cut away at one side Which I may term the front, the mentioned collar being provided with a beveled portion shown at 74 adjacent the opening therein, in order that the rotation of the head relative to its seat may cause the mentioned collar to be engaged by the spring 75, held by means such as the screw 76. This has advantages over the use ot the co-mpression spring 76a. By the means referred to the delivery head is held in place, although free to rotate, and capable of being withdrawn by turning the nozzle end of the head to the rear.

Perhaps the most important features of novelty in the form of my invention shown in Fig. 5, are those Which'relate to the heating of the liquid which is to be delivered by my air brush and which may be confined Within a detachable receptacle 77, which may be held in place by means such as the spring bail 78 adapted to engage upon the extension 79, which may be integral With the barrel 1b. In this form of my device, instead of permitting the air which is used in aspirating the liquid to ascend directly through the delivery head, I employ a means for conducting preheated air into the receptacle Which may contain a paint, or varnish, or enamel, in such manner as to maintain and deliver the same at a proper temperature. For this means I prefer to provide an outer sleeve 8O which may be integral with the tapered connecting plug 72b and may be brazed to an inner tube 8l after the same is threaded, as shown at 82, into the said connecting plug, an intermediate tube 83 having been previously threaded therein at 84, this intermediate tube being adapted to extend to a point slightly above the flange 85 by which the inner tube 81 is connected with the outer sleeve 80.

By the means described, it will be apparent that I have provided means by which preheated air, entering through the port 86, may be caused to descend to the bottom ot the tube 83 and then rise between the tubes 8l and 88 before passing into the ducts 10J leading to the outlet oi' the nozzle cap, the liquid from the receptacle 77 being drawn up through the inner tube 8l and atomized in the usual Way.-

In order to preheat air entering through the main air duct 2, I may provide any suitable means, and in Fig. 5 I have shown a heating means enclosed Wit-hin the handle of my air brush, this construction being advantageous in enabling the operative to judge of the temperature of the air employed. In the form shown, I have substituted a tube 34b having an air inlet opening at 87 for the bolt 34 shown in F ig. 1, and in place of the ordinary nut I employ a cupped nut 88 provided with a thread to engage the nipple 89, with which an air hose may be connected. About the tube 34" I may provide a tube 90 of insulating maH terial such as pocelain, and upon this l may wrap a heating coil 91 With which I may connect a plug 9:2, and a switch 93, which may be operated by means such as the linger piece 94, passing through the handle 38h, Which may be of insulating material, and which may be provided With a cover plate (not shown) secured by screws entering the openings 95. Air entering through the opening 87 and heated by the described means may pass into the valve chamber by means of the duct 96, and a cap 97 may be employed to close the alternative opening in Which the nipple 89 may be seated when the heating means is not to be employed.

From the foregoing description, it will be apparent that I have provided an air brush having a delivery head which may be freely rotated and Which carries a spreader attachment adapted for free rotation thereon; and it will also be appreciated that I have provided means by which a fluid delivered through said head may be brought to and maintained at a suitable temperature, such-as may be required for the application of enamels or other coating materials in a fine. spray under varying conditions.

:The nut N and the adjusting screw 52 and the head 7l constitute means for controlling of theneedle valve regardless ot' the angular adjustment of the delivery head or angular body 5 or 5CL or 5b; and it will be understood, for example, that I may employ the valve control of Fig. l or Fig. 4 in connection With the heating or the heat exchanging means shown in Fig. 4 or Fig. 5.

Vhat is claimed is:

l. In an air brush, a main barrel pirovided with a main air duct extending longitudinally therethrough, and 'a deliv ry head comprising a connecting plug movable in said barrel on an axis extending at an angle thereto and provided with a liquid duct extending throughout its length.

2. In an air brush, a main barrel provided With a main air duct extending longitudinally therethrough, and a delivery head comprising a connecting plug movable in said barrel on an axis extending at an angle thereto and provided with a liquid duct ex- IDO tending throughout its length and with subsidiary air ducts.

El. In an air brush, a main barrel provided with av main air duct extending` longitudinally therethrough, and a delivery head comprising a connecting plug movable in said barrel on an axis extending at an angle thereto and provided with a liquid duct extending througl'iout its length and vvith subsidary air ducts parallel vvith said liquid duct.

l. In an air brush, a main barrel provided Vivitli a inain air duct extending longitudinalljl.' therethrough, and a deliverv head comprising a connecting plug iiiovabie iii said barrel on an axis extending at an angle thereto and provided ivith a. liquid duct es;- tending throughout il's length and with subsidary air ducts parallel with said liquid duct and connecting with said main air duct by means ot' an annular groove.

In an air brush, a inain barrel provided -ivilh an air duet, an angular body element provided with a liquid duet and mounted to permit rotation on said barrel on an axis extending at au angle thereto, and a spreader mounted to permit rotation relatively to said angular body.

G. In `an air brush, a main barrel, an angular body mounted 'for rotation thereon, and compression means for retaining said body seated in said barrel on an axis eX- tending at an angle thereto,

7. In an air brush, a main barrel, an angular body moumed tor rotat-ion thereon, and compression means itor retaining` said `body seated in said barrel on an axis extending at an angle thereto, said barrel being provided with an air duet, and said angular body being provided ivith a` liquid duet.

8. In an air brush, a main barrel, an angular body mounted for rotation thereon, and Compression means for retaining said body seated in said barrel on an axis extending at an angle thereto, said barrel being provided ivith a trigger adapted to control inlet ot air.

9. In an air brush, a main barrel, an angular body mounted for rotation thereon, and eompiession means tor retaining said body seated in said barrel, said angular body being provided with a valve to control the liquid outlet.

l0. In an air brush, a main barrel, an angular body mounted for rotation thereon, and compression means for retaining` said body seated in said barrel, said barrel being provided with a trigger adapted to control the exit ot air, and said angular body being provided ivith valve to control the liquid outlet.

ll. In an air brush, a main barrel, an arivided with a trigger adapted to control the exit ot air, said angular body being provided iviin a valve to control the. liquid outlet, and means tor opening said valve by a movement otl said trigger.

l2. In an air brush provided With main barrel having a. trigger and With a revolvable delivery head provided with a valve, manual means on said delivery head for controlling the position of said valve regardless et' the angular adjustment of said delivery head, and additional means for openingl said valve by means of said trigger.

13. In an air brush comprising a barrel having an air passage and a. delivery head revolvable upon an axis extending at an angle relatively thereto, a trigger mounted on said barrel fori controlling an air inlet, a valve for controlling the liquid outlet in said revohf'abe head, and connecting means whereby the movement of said trigger may operate said valve.

lx-l. In an air brush comprising a delivery head mounted for rotation upon a barrel and on an axis extending at an angle thereto, said heat being provided with a needle valve, resilient means :tor moving said valve in one. direction, and manual means capable of controlling the movement of said valve regardless of the angular adjustment of said deliif'ery head.

in an air brush comprising a delivery head mounted Yfor rotation and with a needle. valve, resilient means for moving said' valve in one direction, manual means capable oil? controlling the movement ot said valve regardless ot its ane'ular adjustn'ient, and additional means comprising a trigger for movin said valve.

lt. Iii conibiiiatiozi, a nozzle Cap provided ivith a duct tor tl e lateral escape et a` fluid therethrough, and ivith a plurality of annular grooves in the circumference thereof, and a spreader having ducts adapted to connect said grooves and to provide an exit thereof, said ducts being provided with a valve.

17. In an air brush adapted to lit upon a receptacle, a suction tube extending therein, means on said brush for imparting heat to the liquid in said receptacle, said means, comprising a heat exchanging element adapted to extend into the said receptacle and to surround said suction tube.

le. In an air brush adapted to lit upon a receptacle, a suction tube extending therein, means on. said brush for imparting heat to the lic iid in said receptacle, said means coii'ip ing a heat exchanging element adapted to extend into the said receptacle and to surround said suction tube, in the toria of concentric tubes.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

AUGUSTIN E SI-IELBURNE.

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